Audio Sample Rate

Detection approach

AudioContext sampleRate is a non-standard frequency (not 44100, 48000, or 96000 Hz). Non-standard sample rates indicate virtualized or emulated audio subsystems (e.g., PulseAudio bridges, VM audio emulation).

How this helps detect bots

This signal is assessed with other independent session, browser, and network evidence. A single anomaly is a lead, not a verdict; corroborating anomalies make automated traffic more likely.

Legitimate traffic to consider

Audiophile users or developers configuring sound interfaces to custom studio sample rates.